The Chemistry of Terpenes and cannabinoids synergy
July 22, 2021
Sleep disorders and the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa
September 14, 2021The Cannabis sativa plant beneficial properties
The Cannabis sativa plant, among its different species, has a complex matrix with more than at least 550 substances, including terpenes, carbohydrates, fatty acids and their esters, amides, amines, phytosteroids, phenolic compounds and cannabinoids. Many of these phytocannabinoids have properties that are potentially beneficial to humans, notably in the treatment of neurological diseases that affect the Central Nervous System - CNS, such as Epilepsy, Alzheimer, Parkinson and dementia. In addition to CNS diseases, their uses in the treatment of different types of cancer are also known.
Our research objective will be, in a first phase, to identify and select cannabinoids with theoretical therapeutic potential, such as: THC, THCA, THCV, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBG, CBC, as well as other cannabinoids of lower intensity in the plant of Cannabis. The extractions and identification of these substances will be carried out using gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment, using different types of detectors, mainly mass spectrometry. Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance equipment will also be used. Piauhy Labs will use disease cell models to carry out in-vitro assays, such as cell and tissue cultures and also research with laboratory animals (in vivo research).
Additionally, the research and development carried out by Piauhy Labs aims to characterize and identify methods to obtain terpenes and other substances, in addition to cannabinoids, which have a safety and quality profile suitable to be included in medicines and preparations based on the plant. of Cannabis for medicinal purposes.
Flavonoids and terpenoids have a wide therapeutic window, including but not limited to cancer, inflammation, excessive reactive oxygen species in cells, and increased neuroprotection.
Flavonoids provide color, flavor and aroma. This class of compounds also has anticancer, antioxidant, antithrombogenic, antidiabetic and neuroprotective activities via modulation of a series of cell signaling cascades. Intake of foods rich in flavonols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and flavonoid polymers is inversely related to weight gain. Anthocyanidins had the greatest negative correlation with weight maintenance.
Terpenes provide aromatherapeutic benefits to humans, including stress, anxiety and depression relief, decongestion and a general pharmacologically synergistic effect, combined with cannabinoids and flavonoids. As a result, terpenes are often used in cosmeceuticals, perfumes and beverage flavors. The terpenes Myrcene, Limonene and Ocimene have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics; Limonene, Humulene and Linalool have anti-cancer characteristics; α-Pinene has bronchodilator, antimicrobial and memory-enhancing characteristics, among others.
Alkaloids have a variety of therapeutic applications such as analgesics, antibacterials, anticancers, antiarrhythmics, antiasthmatic agents, antimalarials, anticholinergics, bronchodilators, laxatives, miotics, oxytocics, vasodilators, psychotropics and stimulant agents. This class of compounds includes morphine, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine, quinine, ephedrine, among others. Cannabis alkaloids are alkaloids produced by the Cannabis sativa plant. These include, but are not limited to, cannabisativin and anhydrocannabisativin. These alkaloids have shown antiparasitic, antipyretic, antiemetic, antitumor, diuretic and analgesic properties.
As a result of the research and development processes, Piauhy Labs intends to create patents and originate intellectual property, with the ultimate objective of producing medicines based on the Cannabis plant.
Elmo Resende, Ph.D
Director of R&D
Piauhy Labs
Elmo Resende, Ph.D
Director of R&D
Piauhy Labs
References
Broers, B.; Patà, Z.; Mina, A.; Wampfler, J. S. C. & Pautex, S. Prescription of a THC/CBD-Based Medication to Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Study in Geneva. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. v. 2, 56–59, 2019. Farkhondeh, T. et al. Impact of Cannabis-Based Medicine on Alzheimer’s Disease by Focusing on the Amyloid β-Modifications: A Systematic Study. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders), v. 19, Number 5, 2020, pp. 334-343. Gaston, T. E. and Szaflarski, J. P. Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update. Epilepsy, Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, v. 18, 73, 2018. Giese, M. W.; Lewis, M. A.; Giese, L. and Smith, K. M. Method for the Analysis of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Cannabis. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, v. 98, Issue 6, 1 November, Pages 1503–1522, 2015. Gurney, S. M. R. et al. Pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs. Forensic Science Review, [S. l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 53-78, 2014. Lowe, H.; Steele, B.; Bryant, J.; Toyang, N.; Ngwa, W. Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. with Therapeutic Potential. Plants, 10, 400, 2021. Lin, M. et al. Supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix. Journal of Chromatography A, [S. l.], v. 830, p. 387-395, 1999. Lotan, I.; Treves, T.A.; Roditi, Y. & Djaldetti, R. Cannabis (Medical Marijuana) Treatment for Motor and Non–Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease. An Open-Label Observational Study. Clinical Neuropharmacology: March/April – v. 37 - Issue 2 - p 41-44, 2014. Mansoori, G. A. et al. Bioseparation using supercritical fluid extraction/retrograde condensation. Nature Biotechnology, [S. l.], v. 6, p. 393-396, 1988. Margenat, L. et al. Lanoline purification by selective extarction of pesticides using supercritical CO2. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 45, n. 2, p. 177-180, 2008. McHugh, M.; Krukonis, V. Supercritical fluid extraction: principles and practice. Alche Journal, [S. l.], v. 33, p. 1406-1407, 1987. Micalizzi, G.; Vento, F.; Alibrando, F.; Donnarumma, D.; Dugo, P. and Mondello, L. Cannabis Sativa L.: a comprehensive review on the analytical methodologies for cannabinoids and terpenes characterization. Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1637, 25 January, 2021. Perrotin-Brunel, H. Sustainable production of cannabinoids with supercritical carbon dioxide Technologies. Netherlands: Wöhrmann Print Service, 2011. PIAUHY. Our methodology. Portugal: Piauhy, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.piauhy.com/. Reverchon, E. Fractional separation of SCF extracts from marjoram leaves: mass transfer and optimization. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 5, p. 256-261, 1992. Reverchon, E.; DE Marco, I. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 38, p. 146-166, 2006.
Broers, B.; Patà, Z.; Mina, A.; Wampfler, J. S. C. & Pautex, S. Prescription of a THC/CBD-Based Medication to Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Study in Geneva. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. v. 2, 56–59, 2019. Farkhondeh, T. et al. Impact of Cannabis-Based Medicine on Alzheimer’s Disease by Focusing on the Amyloid β-Modifications: A Systematic Study. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders), v. 19, Number 5, 2020, pp. 334-343. Gaston, T. E. and Szaflarski, J. P. Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update. Epilepsy, Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, v. 18, 73, 2018. Giese, M. W.; Lewis, M. A.; Giese, L. and Smith, K. M. Method for the Analysis of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Cannabis. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, v. 98, Issue 6, 1 November, Pages 1503–1522, 2015. Gurney, S. M. R. et al. Pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs. Forensic Science Review, [S. l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 53-78, 2014. Lowe, H.; Steele, B.; Bryant, J.; Toyang, N.; Ngwa, W. Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. with Therapeutic Potential. Plants, 10, 400, 2021. Lin, M. et al. Supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix. Journal of Chromatography A, [S. l.], v. 830, p. 387-395, 1999. Lotan, I.; Treves, T.A.; Roditi, Y. & Djaldetti, R. Cannabis (Medical Marijuana) Treatment for Motor and Non–Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease. An Open-Label Observational Study. Clinical Neuropharmacology: March/April – v. 37 - Issue 2 - p 41-44, 2014. Mansoori, G. A. et al. Bioseparation using supercritical fluid extraction/retrograde condensation. Nature Biotechnology, [S. l.], v. 6, p. 393-396, 1988. Margenat, L. et al. Lanoline purification by selective extarction of pesticides using supercritical CO2. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 45, n. 2, p. 177-180, 2008. McHugh, M.; Krukonis, V. Supercritical fluid extraction: principles and practice. Alche Journal, [S. l.], v. 33, p. 1406-1407, 1987. Micalizzi, G.; Vento, F.; Alibrando, F.; Donnarumma, D.; Dugo, P. and Mondello, L. Cannabis Sativa L.: a comprehensive review on the analytical methodologies for cannabinoids and terpenes characterization. Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1637, 25 January, 2021. Perrotin-Brunel, H. Sustainable production of cannabinoids with supercritical carbon dioxide Technologies. Netherlands: Wöhrmann Print Service, 2011. PIAUHY. Our methodology. Portugal: Piauhy, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.piauhy.com/. Reverchon, E. Fractional separation of SCF extracts from marjoram leaves: mass transfer and optimization. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 5, p. 256-261, 1992. Reverchon, E.; DE Marco, I. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 38, p. 146-166, 2006.
The Cannabis sativa plant beneficial properties
The Cannabis sativa plant, among its different species, has a complex matrix with more than at least 550 substances, including terpenes, carbohydrates, fatty acids and their esters, amides, amines, phytosteroids, phenolic compounds and cannabinoids. Many of these phytocannabinoids have properties that are potentially beneficial to humans, notably in the treatment of neurological diseases that affect the Central Nervous System - CNS, such as Epilepsy, Alzheimer, Parkinson and dementia. In addition to CNS diseases, their uses in the treatment of different types of cancer are also known.
Our research objective will be, in a first phase, to identify and select cannabinoids with theoretical therapeutic potential, such as: THC, THCA, THCV, CBD, CBDA, CBDV, CBG, CBC, as well as other cannabinoids of lower intensity in the plant of Cannabis. The extractions and identification of these substances will be carried out using gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment, using different types of detectors, mainly mass spectrometry. Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance equipment will also be used. Piauhy Labs will use disease cell models to carry out in-vitro assays, such as cell and tissue cultures and also research with laboratory animals (in vivo research).
Additionally, the research and development carried out by Piauhy Labs aims to characterize and identify methods to obtain terpenes and other substances, in addition to cannabinoids, which have a safety and quality profile suitable to be included in medicines and preparations based on the plant. of Cannabis for medicinal purposes.
Flavonoids and terpenoids have a wide therapeutic window, including but not limited to cancer, inflammation, excessive reactive oxygen species in cells, and increased neuroprotection.
Flavonoids provide color, flavor and aroma. This class of compounds also has anticancer, antioxidant, antithrombogenic, antidiabetic and neuroprotective activities via modulation of a series of cell signaling cascades. Intake of foods rich in flavonols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and flavonoid polymers is inversely related to weight gain. Anthocyanidins had the greatest negative correlation with weight maintenance.
Terpenes provide aromatherapeutic benefits to humans, including stress, anxiety and depression relief, decongestion and a general pharmacologically synergistic effect, combined with cannabinoids and flavonoids. As a result, terpenes are often used in cosmeceuticals, perfumes and beverage flavors. The terpenes Myrcene, Limonene and Ocimene have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics; Limonene, Humulene and Linalool have anti-cancer characteristics; α-Pinene has bronchodilator, antimicrobial and memory-enhancing characteristics, among others.
Alkaloids have a variety of therapeutic applications such as analgesics, antibacterials, anticancers, antiarrhythmics, antiasthmatic agents, antimalarials, anticholinergics, bronchodilators, laxatives, miotics, oxytocics, vasodilators, psychotropics and stimulant agents. This class of compounds includes morphine, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine, quinine, ephedrine, among others. Cannabis alkaloids are alkaloids produced by the Cannabis sativa plant. These include, but are not limited to, cannabisativin and anhydrocannabisativin. These alkaloids have shown antiparasitic, antipyretic, antiemetic, antitumor, diuretic and analgesic properties.
As a result of the research and development processes, Piauhy Labs intends to create patents and originate intellectual property, with the ultimate objective of producing medicines based on the Cannabis plant.
Elmo Resende, Ph.D
Director of R&D
Piauhy Labs
Elmo Resende, Ph.D
Director of R&D
Piauhy Labs
References
Broers, B.; Patà, Z.; Mina, A.; Wampfler, J. S. C. & Pautex, S. Prescription of a THC/CBD-Based Medication to Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Study in Geneva. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. v. 2, 56–59, 2019. Farkhondeh, T. et al. Impact of Cannabis-Based Medicine on Alzheimer’s Disease by Focusing on the Amyloid β-Modifications: A Systematic Study. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders), v. 19, Number 5, 2020, pp. 334-343. Gaston, T. E. and Szaflarski, J. P. Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update. Epilepsy, Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, v. 18, 73, 2018. Giese, M. W.; Lewis, M. A.; Giese, L. and Smith, K. M. Method for the Analysis of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Cannabis. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, v. 98, Issue 6, 1 November, Pages 1503–1522, 2015. Gurney, S. M. R. et al. Pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs. Forensic Science Review, [S. l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 53-78, 2014. Lowe, H.; Steele, B.; Bryant, J.; Toyang, N.; Ngwa, W. Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. with Therapeutic Potential. Plants, 10, 400, 2021. Lin, M. et al. Supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix. Journal of Chromatography A, [S. l.], v. 830, p. 387-395, 1999. Lotan, I.; Treves, T.A.; Roditi, Y. & Djaldetti, R. Cannabis (Medical Marijuana) Treatment for Motor and Non–Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease. An Open-Label Observational Study. Clinical Neuropharmacology: March/April – v. 37 - Issue 2 - p 41-44, 2014. Mansoori, G. A. et al. Bioseparation using supercritical fluid extraction/retrograde condensation. Nature Biotechnology, [S. l.], v. 6, p. 393-396, 1988. Margenat, L. et al. Lanoline purification by selective extarction of pesticides using supercritical CO2. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 45, n. 2, p. 177-180, 2008. McHugh, M.; Krukonis, V. Supercritical fluid extraction: principles and practice. Alche Journal, [S. l.], v. 33, p. 1406-1407, 1987. Micalizzi, G.; Vento, F.; Alibrando, F.; Donnarumma, D.; Dugo, P. and Mondello, L. Cannabis Sativa L.: a comprehensive review on the analytical methodologies for cannabinoids and terpenes characterization. Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1637, 25 January, 2021. Perrotin-Brunel, H. Sustainable production of cannabinoids with supercritical carbon dioxide Technologies. Netherlands: Wöhrmann Print Service, 2011. PIAUHY. Our methodology. Portugal: Piauhy, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.piauhy.com/. Reverchon, E. Fractional separation of SCF extracts from marjoram leaves: mass transfer and optimization. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 5, p. 256-261, 1992. Reverchon, E.; DE Marco, I. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 38, p. 146-166, 2006.
Broers, B.; Patà, Z.; Mina, A.; Wampfler, J. S. C. & Pautex, S. Prescription of a THC/CBD-Based Medication to Patients with Dementia: A Pilot Study in Geneva. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. v. 2, 56–59, 2019. Farkhondeh, T. et al. Impact of Cannabis-Based Medicine on Alzheimer’s Disease by Focusing on the Amyloid β-Modifications: A Systematic Study. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders), v. 19, Number 5, 2020, pp. 334-343. Gaston, T. E. and Szaflarski, J. P. Cannabis for the Treatment of Epilepsy: an Update. Epilepsy, Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, v. 18, 73, 2018. Giese, M. W.; Lewis, M. A.; Giese, L. and Smith, K. M. Method for the Analysis of Cannabinoids and Terpenes in Cannabis. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, v. 98, Issue 6, 1 November, Pages 1503–1522, 2015. Gurney, S. M. R. et al. Pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs. Forensic Science Review, [S. l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 53-78, 2014. Lowe, H.; Steele, B.; Bryant, J.; Toyang, N.; Ngwa, W. Non-Cannabinoid Metabolites of Cannabis sativa L. with Therapeutic Potential. Plants, 10, 400, 2021. Lin, M. et al. Supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix. Journal of Chromatography A, [S. l.], v. 830, p. 387-395, 1999. Lotan, I.; Treves, T.A.; Roditi, Y. & Djaldetti, R. Cannabis (Medical Marijuana) Treatment for Motor and Non–Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease. An Open-Label Observational Study. Clinical Neuropharmacology: March/April – v. 37 - Issue 2 - p 41-44, 2014. Mansoori, G. A. et al. Bioseparation using supercritical fluid extraction/retrograde condensation. Nature Biotechnology, [S. l.], v. 6, p. 393-396, 1988. Margenat, L. et al. Lanoline purification by selective extarction of pesticides using supercritical CO2. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 45, n. 2, p. 177-180, 2008. McHugh, M.; Krukonis, V. Supercritical fluid extraction: principles and practice. Alche Journal, [S. l.], v. 33, p. 1406-1407, 1987. Micalizzi, G.; Vento, F.; Alibrando, F.; Donnarumma, D.; Dugo, P. and Mondello, L. Cannabis Sativa L.: a comprehensive review on the analytical methodologies for cannabinoids and terpenes characterization. Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1637, 25 January, 2021. Perrotin-Brunel, H. Sustainable production of cannabinoids with supercritical carbon dioxide Technologies. Netherlands: Wöhrmann Print Service, 2011. PIAUHY. Our methodology. Portugal: Piauhy, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.piauhy.com/. Reverchon, E. Fractional separation of SCF extracts from marjoram leaves: mass transfer and optimization. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 5, p. 256-261, 1992. Reverchon, E.; DE Marco, I. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of natural matter. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, [S. l.], v. 38, p. 146-166, 2006.
